Cenotes: An Ecology Lesson (Mexico - Part 5)

31 December 2011

Happy End of the World! Well, not really. Our Mayan guides at Chichen Itza explained that the end of the Mayan Long Count would be December 21 (or 22?), 2012. But that would just start another counting cycle, and it was really no big deal, except they planned to market the hell out of it this year to earn some extra pesos.

 [Interesting etymological note: “Yucatan” is the name of this peninsula and one of the Mexican states of the region. 500 years ago, when Cortez’s men used Spanish to ask the local Mayans the name of this place, they repeatedly answered “Yucatan! Yucatan!” and so it came to be known. Yucatan means “I don’t understand” in Mayan.]

There are no rivers in the Yucatan. No proper rivers that you can swim, fish, or paddle a canoe in, anyway. This seems a bit odd, considering it rains plenty here, with the southern parts approaching tropical rain forest (or tropical “dry/seasonal” forest, more exactly). But when the water falls from the sky, the ground doesn’t stop it. The whole Yucatan peninsula is made up of limestone. It’s karst country, to use the proper geological term.  [“Karst” was first named in Slovenia, another wonderful place we visited in 2011 with plenty of turquoise water and nifty caves.]

When rain falls through the sky, it absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and some of the water and C02 combine to form carbonic acid, which is why rain water is a little bit acidic naturally, even without man-made pollution making it worse.  The acidic rainwater reacts with the limestone, dissolving it. The rain eats the rock. In areas with lots of limestone (“karst country”), the water seeps into the ground much more so than in many other areas, and travels in underground rivers. As the underground rivers dissolve the surrounding rock, you get caves. Sometimes the river eats away too much of the roof of the cave, and it collapses, giving you a sinkhole, or as they are known in the Yucatan, cenotes (“seh-NO-tays”).

The lack of surface rivers means that there is very little sediment pouring into the sea, meaning the water is generally very clear (high visibility), which is one reason why the Meso-American reef system (2^nd longest in the world, I think) is such a popular snorkeling and diving location. Besides the reef off-shore, another diving/snorkeling location that is very popular in this region are the cenotes themselves. There are thousands of cenotes across the Yucatan. They were the basis of the great Mayan civilization, and all major cities had one or more cenotes. Some of them are large (several hundred meters across), many of them are deep (we swam in one that is 90m deep), and they all generally have steep sides or even sides that angle out from the shore as you go down (the reverse of a regular lake), meaning the surface area at the bottom is much more than the top. The water is usually very clean (unless they have been abused by humans) and startlingly clear.

We snorkeled in Cenote Azul near the southern Yucatan town of Bacalar (which is also on a 60 km long freshwater lake – very beautiful). It had a little restaurant on the side, but people were surprisingly good about observing the no littering rule, and they also tell you not to wear sunscreen or bug spray into the cenote for water quality (hard to say if people were observing this rule).

No picture from above can do the color of this water justice, but this picture at least shows how big this cenote was.

The water was refreshing. It felt clean. I like swimming in fresh water so much more than salt water. From the outside, I snickered a bit about the “Blue Cenote” monicker, as it didn’t seem particularly blue to me (maybe it was the low angle of the light). But when I got in…wow!

The water was so clear, it was hard to remember it was even there. My hands and toes and in front of my eyes seemed to just be floating there in nothingness (well, because you’re less buoyant in freshwater, I had to work pretty hard to “float,” but that’s another story.). There wasn’t an abundance of fish, but the fish that were there were very easy to watch, including lots of little tiny fish about 1 inch long and only maybe ¼ inch wide that were shiny and were mouth breathing at the surface, it appeared. When I lifted my head above the water, you couldn’t see the fish at all. There was a leaf fallen from the tree, yellow and rust colored, suspended in the water column, spinning in the light. It was mesmerizing. The fact that you couldn’t see the bottom (it was almost 300 ft/ 90 m deep!!!) and it was so clear really heightened the effect of floating in space.  This particular cenote was generally cylinder-shaped, like a well, both very large (250 m across, maybe) and deep. The water was very near top of the geological depression (some cenotes are more hole and less lake), and the walls were thick with vegetation above the water line. The roots of the trees went down underwater along the outside of the rock 20-30 feet. Below that, there was nothing to see but the abyss.

Shannon didn’t like the cenote as much as me. Swimming over the abyss, with so much down below, was unnerving, and not being able to float as well in the freshwater didn’t help. So she had somewhat mixed feelings about the whole thing, but I loved it, and insisted that we visit another cenote the next day, on our drive back to Cancun.

The two most famous cenotes around Tulum are Gran Cenote and Dos Ojos. Dos Ojos (“Two eyes”) cenote is part of a cave system that extends tens of miles, and is apparently one of the longest systems in the world. It sounds like an incredible scuba dive, but my PADI certification is rusty and I don’t want to refresh it with cave diving, generally considered some of the most risky kind of diving you can do. You can snorkel there too, but without an underwater light I don’t think it would be that interesting (almost no natural light, I’m told), and I didn’t have time to rent a light from a dive shop. Gran Cenote was rumored to be friendlier to snorkelers and provide a better natural environment.

We accidently avoided paying the 100 peso entrance fee by parking in the commercial lot (for dive tours and tour buses). I guess sometimes it does pay to be a stupid gringo. This place was pretty crowded, and despite the name, was much smaller than cenote azul. The cenote is sort of horseshoe-shaped, and you can leave from several wooden platforms in the middle. There is only maybe 15 feet of open water between the platform and the opposite wall at most, but you could swim into some barely lit rooms and the area was larger. It was also much larger underwater. I could watch scuba diving parties with their underwater lights and be surprised how far away they were, discovering whole rooms that I wouldn’t have known were there. Cenote azul was like swimming in a huge well, but this was more like a flooded cave. There were stalactites hanging down into the water, sometimes just above, sometimes into the water. From the dark areas, you could look back towards the daylight and see beautiful blue and turquoise colors punctuated by shadows of stalactites and swimmer legs. Because there were more people in a smaller, shallower area, the water was not nearly as clear at Gran Cenote than at cenote azul, but the feeling of swimming around on top of a cave was unique and worthwhile. I would definitely like to come back and do some diving trips into these cenotes, because I think that that is how you see the majority of their awesomeness.

Getting ready to explore the water and caves.

A view from above.

Maya Luna, Chacchoben, and Laguna Bacalar (Mexico - Part 4)

Friday, 30 December 2011

Our home for 4 nights.

Our first day at Maya Luna was actually the only day that I snorkeled.  The beach we’re at is “protected” by a reef that is about ¼ mile out, so although it was a bit windy, we were still able to snorkel in the waters between.  It’s not very deep and most of the bottom is covered with sea grass, so it was a bit difficult to see any creatures in the water until we actually got to the reef.  In the morning we actually tried to swim out to the reef, but I was feeling a bit tired and wasn’t sure about being able to swim back to shore, so we headed back to have some lunch and pick up some kayaks.  With the kayaks we made much better time and tried to actually go to the outside of the reef – until the waves started tossing us around too much.  So we came back to the inside and Jeff tied the kayaks to his shorts and we snorkeled around until we started getting chilly.  There were lots of sea fans and different types of corals.  We saw all sorts of fish, big and small, colorful and shiny.  Snorkeling is one of my favorite things to do – especially on a bright sunny day in crystal clear waters.  We had a mostly sunny day and mostly clear waters, so not a bad day in paradise!  We also saw an octopus!  It was about plate-sized (including tentacles).  We watched it move from one large piece of coral to another, then disappear beneath it.  So cool!

The view from our roof-top terrace.  Note the red water (explained below).

The water on this beach is interesting.  We’re downwind from a small river that pours out of a mangrove swamp.  The water in that river is literally blood red from the mangroves, so that redness/orangeness flows into sea water.  Our beach actually looks like there’s been an oil spill, but it’s just from the mangroves.  When Jeff and I were snorkeling near shore, we couldn’t even see one another from just a few feet away because the water was so dark from this mangrove water.  Kind of cool, kind of creepy.  Carolien told us she learned that the mangrove water is actually really good for the skin.  Possibly helps reduce skin cancer.  So hopefully my time out in the sun this week will be compensated for by this colorful water.

We visited the “town” of Mahahual a few times to get some different meals and to see what the locals were hawking.  I say “town” because this area wouldn’t really exist as a tourist center except for the cruise ship port that was recently installed (within the last ten years or so).  While we were here there were at least 4 giant (and I mean giant – floating cities bigger than many cities on the Caribbean coast of Mexico) cruise ships docked.  So an insta-town sprung up to cater to tourists – trying to feed them, give them massages, sell them anything, and most importantly, get them drunk.  There’s a really nice beach walkway (called the Malecon) that runs for about 2 km.  We ate at a couple of different restaurants there, enjoying the sea view and the people watching.  Seeing people getting massages on the beach was somewhat entertaining.  People of different sizes and ages with much of their bodies on display – come to think of it, I guess that’s not much different than seeing people of different sizes and ages in bathing suits.

The beach in Mahahual.  In the distance is one of the many very large cruise ships we saw.

On our third afternoon Jeff talked me into going for a late afternoon kayak off the beach at Maya Luna, before the sunset. As we got out to the reef, the sky looked impressively black off to the east. We couldn’t really figure out which way the storms were moving, and thought we’d be safe from that one. Three minutes later, we were getting dumped on. Luckily no lightning, and the rain was warm. Once back to shore, we actually went up to our terrace, stood in the rain holding each other, and watched the rain come down over the sea. It was excellent.

Our last full day in this area was spent checking out some local ruins at Chacchoben – another Mayan archeological site that is really cool and should be on everybody’s must-see list – and swimming in a cenote (see Jeff’s next post) and swimming in a large freshwater lake.  Chacchoben is a very small site, and had very few visitors.  It’s still covered in jungle with a few structures cleaned up for viewing.  It seemed so wild and so much more like finding a site (Indiana Jones-style) than Chichen Itza did.  While we were there, for the first time, I tried fresh coconut milk – we watched the guy use a machete to cut off the end so he could stick a straw in it.  It was delicious!  I don’t usually like coconut (both the flavor and the texture), but I guess that’s because I wasn’t tasting the real/fresh thing. 

One of the temples at Chacchoben.

The palm trees were huge!

We only got to climb part way up this ruin.

Man with a machete and a coconut.

Fresh coconut milk is surprisingly refreshing and yummy!

Cenote Azul was interesting, but as Jeff explains in his post, he liked it a lot more than I did.  I guess I just couldn’t get over the fact that there was 300 feet of water below me.  It was beautiful, though.

We only spent a few minutes at Laguna Bacalar.  We walked out on a dilapidated old pier and jumped into about 4 feet of fairly warm freshwater.  Turns out it was not nearly as clean as the water at the cenote.  The sun was setting by now, so we stayed in long enough to get wet and watch the sun go behind the trees.  Then it was time to head back to Maya Luna.

The waters of Laguna Bacalar as the sun sets.

We left Maya Luna this morning and made the long drive back to Cancun.  Jeff swam in the Gran Cenote (see his post), while I watched and took pictures.  (I especially don’t like the idea of swimming in anything resembling a cave, so I didn’t even go in – what can I say, I’m a wimp who has a few phobias). 

It’s been a great babymoon.  I’m sad to be leaving, but as always, I’m also looking forward to being home.  I don’t think Jeff or I got much sun – I was hoping to get back to Mass with my skin sun-kissed.  But we were diligent about sunscreen, and I suspect that the December sun is a bit weaker than the summer sun.

One of three small sting rays we saw - this one was about the size of a salad plate.

Another one of the three sting rays we saw - this one was about the size of a dinner plate.  His tail made me a bit nervous being in the water.

Bees enjoying the flowers of a palm tree.

Jeff watching as two brown pelicans slam into the water, another gets ready to dive, and the fourth flies over looking for fishy food.

Good morning Caribbean.

Saying farewell to Maya Luna.

Ek’ Balam and Our Last Beach Resort (Mexico - Part 3)

Tuesday December 27, 2011

Maya Luna Hotel near Mahahual, Mexico

Yesterday was a fairly leisurely day – as Jeff mentioned in the last post, the morning started out in the sunny courtyard of what must have once been the party center of the Club Med of Chichen Itza.  These days it seems this resort is more family focused – although last night’s show seemed more like something you’d want to see if you were taking some sort of hallucinogenic drug…

After taking our time eating and packing up, we finally left Chichen Itza around 11am and headed for a slight detour before arriving at our final destination.  We decided it was going to be worth the time and extra driving to go see the ruins at Ek’ Balam.  And it was definitely worth it.  As Jeff noted earlier, we couldn’t climb on the ruins in Chichen Itza, but we could here.  I felt a little bad about climbing on these ancient ruins so I convinced myself that most of them were actually reconstructed.  The biggest structure – which claims to be taller than El Castillo (the huge pyramid at Chichen Itza) – was actually under reconstruction, so it didn’t take much to convince me that it was ok to climb.  And we did.  It was the heat of the day and it felt incredibly humid too, so by the time we got to the top, I was feeling a bit light-headed.  The view was really spectacular – we could see how flat the surrounding land is (you can see for miles in every direction) and a few ruins poking out of the wild jungle.  This site is much smaller and much less excavated than Chichen Itza, but really, really cool.  If you ever visit the Yucatan, this is one place not to be missed.  There are several mounds that have not been excavated, so they are covered in jungle, but you can see that they must have been man-made.  Makes me wonder how the archeologists figure out which stone goes where and what the mound actually was before it was taken over by flora.  Since I was feeling light-headed, Jeff held my hand as we descended the pyramid and I chose to remain in the shade for the rest of the outing.  Jeff galavanted around the place, climbing up and over multiple structures.  This is definitely the place for any Indiana Jones wannabe’s out there.

Jeff balancing over the steep stairs overlooking the rest of Ek' Balam.

I was so happy to make it all the way up to the top.  Now to get down...

Is that Indiana Jones I see?

On a side note – I tried a guanabana popsicle and really enjoyed the flavor.  Not to mention the cold of the frozen treat.

Jeff tried to convince me that we should visit the cenote that was adjacent to the ruins, mainly because it was really hot and this particular cenote was off the beaten path and probably would be the most empty of any that we might be able to see.  I was unconvincable, however, because it was past our lunch time and we both tend to get the hungry bitchies if we don’t eat in a timely manner. 

We ended up having a nice (and long) lunch in the town of Valladolid.  Our Lonely Planet guide told us of a market/food court just off the main city plaza that lots of locals go to, so we tried that.  Our Spanish is fairly poor – so trying to read a fully Spanish menu and talk to people who spoke no English made ordering a bit difficult – I tried to order several things without meat (I’m not vegetarian, just sometimes don’t want to try dishes with meat from unknown sources), but was repeatedly told I couldn’t get that meal without pork (or chicken).  I finally just ordered Huevos Rancheros (fried eggs on tortillas with a tomato sauce and beans on the side) which was quite tasty.  Jeff was only going to get a small meal, but kept ordering plate after plate: fried plantains, papas fritas (French fries), and pork tacos.  We ended up stuffed. It was great!  Meanwhile, we got to see a bit of the local populace (along with tour groups and some individual tourists).  It was a great stop.

Mmmm, tasty lunch.

Finally, we headed to our last beach resort – in Mahahual, about 4 hours south of Cancun.  We drove on several different very straight roads with little traffic to finally find this wonderful little resort on the sea: Maya Luna.  The proprietors are originally from Holland but have been running Maya Luna for 9 years.  There are a total of 4 bungalows at this resort, each with their own roof terrace and all about 20 meters to the water.  We arrived late, but Carolien and Jan were nice enough to fix us dinner (an interesting take on fajitas with a curry flavor – very good).  We decided we really wanted to get in the water before bed, but we only walked a few feet in (just above my knees) and decided that there were too many unknowns in the dark, so we’d wait until tomorrow to check it out.  We’ll be here for 4 nights and plan on snorkeling and swimming and kayaking and pretty much relaxing and enjoying ourselves for the last part of our babymoon.